Employment Skills :: Job Work Academics Success Essays

Employment Skills Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my essay I will talk about the skills required to get a good job nowadays. There will be three main points I will be discussing such as academic, personal management, and teamwork skills. I will give you examples of these skills, and reasons why this skill is important for you to get a job. Academic Skills   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Academic skills are probably the most important skill you will need to get a job. It is one of the or the first thing an employer looks for in an employee. They are skills which give you the basic foundation to acquire, hold on to, and advance in a job, and to achieve the best results. Academic skills can be further divided into three sub-groups; communication, thinking, and learning skills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communicate. Communication skills require you to understand and speak the languages in which business is conducted. You must be a good listener, and be able to understand things easily. One of the most important communicating skills would be reading, you should be able to comprehend and use written materials including things such as graphs, charts, and displays. One of the newest things we can add to communicating skills would be the Internet, since it is so widely used all around the world - you should have a good understanding of what it is and how to use it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Think. Thinking critically and acting logically to evaluate situations will get you far in your job. Thinking skills consists of things such as solving mathematical problems, using new technology, instruments, tools, and information systems effectively. Some examples of these would be technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, and much more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learn. Learning is very important for any job. For example, if your company, gets some new software, you must be able to learn how to use it, quickly and effectively after a few tutorials. You must continue doing this for the rest of your career. It is one thing that will always be useful in any situation, not just jobs. Personal Management Skills   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personal management skills is the combination of attitudes, skills, and behaviors required to get, keep, and progress on a job and to achieve the best results. Personal management skills can be further divided into three sub- groups just as academic skills, which are positive attitudes and behaviors, responsibility, and adaptability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Positive Attitudes And Behaviors. This is also very important to keep a job. You must have good self-esteem and confidence in yourself. You must be honest, have integrity, and personal ethnics. You must show your employer you are happy at what you are doing and have positive attitudes toward learning,

Retail Services Characteristics

In this paper the most common services characteristics, namely perishability, intangibility, inseparability and heterogeneity will be applied to a well – known retail services brand. In this case the focus shall be on how the aforementioned characteristics apply to Starbucks. In order to better understand the problem the history of the company alongside current corporate objectives will be briefly described. In the following paragraphs the notice will be mainly on the retailer’s ability to cope with the theory’s implications. The first Starbucks coffee shop was opened in 1971 in Seattle.The name was inspired by Moby Dick and the logo which has now become somehow of a cult figure is a twin-tailed mermaid. However it wasn’t until 1987 when a major breakthrough came and the brand started to receive a world – wide recognition. In August, Howard Schultz backed with the capital from local investors bought the Starbucks. Since then the company grew in an e xponential manner which resulted in opening more than 16,000 stores in over 55 countries to this day. Similar as the majority of large enterprises Starbucks also incorporates its own business and social objectives.The goal is to project the brand image in a consumer and environmental friendly way. Their mission statement is to inspire and nurture the human spirit through their exceptional service and high quality coffee. In a very holistic approach they are aiming to improve every aspect of the business, from the customers and employees to the suppliers and shareholders. Moving on from this brief description of Starbucks the focus will now shift to the retail services characteristics, more precisely on intangibility and its implications. Experts agree that a service is intangible because the customer cannot sense it (Newman and Cullen, 2002).It is an abstraction which cannot be directly examined before the purchase. In the case of most goods a prospective buyer is able to inspect th e quality of the good by relying on his senses, whereas a pure service has to be purchased and consumed to fully verify its quality. The level of services’ tangibility can be seen from tangible goods, which are included and consumed within the service offer, it can also be extracted from the physical environment which surrounds the service or with the tangible evidence of the service performance (Palmer, 2005).In the case of various food and drink outlets, goods form an important component of a service offer. This also applies to Starbucks and therefore it is possible to place it somewhere in the middle of the tangible to intangible service dominant scale (Shostack, 1977). Starbucks uses scent of fresh coffee to attract customers and make them sense a tangible good which can be purchased at the premises. The physical environment also plays a big part in customer’s perception of service quality.Starbucks acknowledged this and therefore their outlets are usually very wel l furnished with comfortable chairs, Wi-Fi and other features which give a customer a sense of quality and comfort. Tangibility can be further provided with the evidence of service production methods. This is certainly the case in Starbucks where you can see the whole process of making a cup of coffee. A lack of physical evidences of services quality can increase the level of uncertainty that a customer faces when choosing between competing services.However, Starbucks developed a strong brand associated with quality of services provided and the company values therefore creating a positive image in consumers’ perception. From describing how intangibility applies to Starbucks we shall now turn the attention to another service characteristic, namely heterogeneity. Services heterogeneity means that the quality of services depends on who provides them as well as when, where and how they are provided. Products can be standardized and basically the same for every customer.However, s ervices on the other hand can be delivered in different ways, regarding on customer’s personal requirements. The service must normally be produced in the presence of the customer without the possibility of intervening quality control. Specific problems can occur where staff is involved in providing services on a one-to-one basis. In these cases no easy method of monitoring or control is possible. There are two particular aspects of heterogeneity which are relevant to the services. The first one is the extent to which production standards vary from a norm, both in terms of outcomes and of production processes.The second one is the extent to which a service can deliberately be varied to meet the specific needs of particular customers (Palmer, 2005). In order to tackle the aforementioned aspects of heterogeneity and also to satisfy customer needs retailers usually standardize the service as much as possible without noticeably affecting the perceived customer value. Many service organizations have reduced variability by adopting equipment-based production methods or by offering already prepared menus or meals. However Starbucks took a slightly different approach here then some fast-food outlets.They are offering more than 87,000 different drink combinations. With that in mind they cannot simply standardize the whole process of coffee making. Customers want to see consistency and quality in their stores so for that purpose they offer their front-line staff a basic training and they are also using some motivation tools to enhance staff performance. So for instance they refer to their employees as partners and their pay package is called â€Å"Your special blend†. The heterogeneity of service output can sometimes pose problems for brand-building in services compared to tangible goods.However Starbucks cope with these problems quite well through their excellent staff to management relation which results, again in a strong brand personality. From heteroge neity we shall now shift our attention to another characteristic, which is perishability. Perishability applies to services because unlike goods services cannot be stored for later use. So for an example a factory which produces cars and is unable to sell all its output in the current period can carry forward stocks to sell in a subsequent period.The only significant costs are storage and financing or the possibility of loss through obsolescence. However on the contrary, a producer of a service which is unable to sell all of its output produced in the current period gets no chance to carry it forward for sale in a subsequent period. A great example of perishability is an airline company. For instance if the plane departs at twelve o’clock and the airline company didn’t sell all the available seats, then it is impossible to sell the rest since the plane is already in the air. Another problem which defines perishability is the demand pattern through time.Demand fluctuate s because of many reasons however most common reasons for inconsistency of demand occur during the day, week and season. A typical example of seasonal fluctuation of demand is tourism. During the summer the demand for holidays is often off-peak and hotels by the sea are required to bring in extra work-force. On the other hand the demand in winter is significantly lower and some hotels are therefore unused. Inability to store services and short-term supply inelasticity are leading causes for perishability of services.As mentioned before problems occur when demand pattern is irregular. It can also happen where there is requirement for â€Å"just-in-time† production of service or if demand is not managed effectively (Palmer, 2005). Services providers are trying to even the demand with the use of pricing and promotion or with locating places where demand is more or less even during the day, such as it is in city centres or busy airports. Problems with storing the services have no w also been reduced with recent advancement of technology (Newman and Cullen, 2002).For instance Starbucks uses RFID technology to track perishable food delivered to its cafes thus ensuring freshness of products. Starbucks is usually located there where demand is relatively constant, such as shopping centres and airports and they are also using a lot of promotions ensuring a steady demand through the day. Even their menu is adapted to different seasons of the year. It does not consist only of hot drinks but they also offer other trendy beverages such as smoothies and a variety of bottled drinks which are suitable for hot summer days.Now we shall take a look at the last of four services characteristics. Inseparability of services should be the main topic through the following paragraphs. Inseparability means that the service is produced and consumed at the same time. Both, buyer and seller must be present for the exchange to occur (Newman and Cullen, 2002). The service provider is at the same time also a marketer and promotes both the service and the company. Interaction is of extreme importance in services and therefore the key to success is competent personnel.Inseparability of services leads to customers being co-producers and often being co-consumers of the service with other consumers. They are also usually required to travel to the service provider. This results in management to attempt to separate production and consumption. They are also trying to manage the consumer to producer interaction and improve the service delivery system. Starbucks is a typical example of services inseparability. They are offering a wide range of beverages and customers can choose their own mix.That means that customers are contributing in the production process of a cup of coffee. As mentioned before Starbucks normally furnish their stores in a very comfortable way which means that a lot of customers are consuming the product there, which results in being a co-consumer. Starbu cks stores are often located in city centres and this means that customers have to travel there to receive the service. Maybe in the future Starbuck will offer delivering their products to customers home, but this could possibly take away the charm of visiting a Starbucks coffee shop.However, they are already improving their service system with the opening of drive thru stores. In conclusion it is possible to say that all four services characteristics can be applied to Starbucks. However, some are more visible than others. Starbucks developed an extremely strong brand image and a loyal global population of consumers. This has established them as one of the biggest brands in the world. Through excellent quality of their products, care for the environment and bringing back the sense of community they have already become a household name.They are coping very well with all the services characteristic implications and are always striving for perfection. They are a prime example of the so called â€Å"cultural capitalism† and are setting an example for many companies. References: Adrian Palmer, 2005. Principles of services marketing, 4th edition. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education Andrew J Newman and Peter Cullen, 2002. Retailing: environment & operations. London: Cengage Learning Starbucks, 2011. Our heritage [online] Available at: http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. RSA animate, 2010.Slavoj Zizek, First as tragedy, then as farce Available at: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=hpAMbpQ8J7g [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. Starbucks, 2011. Our mission statement [online] Available at: http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/company-information/mission-statement [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. Des Monk, Daniella Ryding, (2007),†Service quality and training: a pilot study†, British Food Journal, Vol. 109 Iss: 8 pp. 627-636 G. Lynn Shostack, 1977. Breaking Free from Product Marketing, Journal of Marketing, [online] Available at: < http://www. jstor. org/discover/10. 307/1250637? uid=24747&uid=3738032&uid=2134&uid=373370127&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=373370117&uid=24745&uid=5910784&uid=67&uid=62&uid=60&sid=47698847505567 > [Accessed 16 April 2012 ]. Lena Goldkuhl, Maria Styven, (2007),†Sensing the scent of service success†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41 Iss: 11 pp. 1297-1305 Marketingmagazine. co. uk, 2011. Starbucks to open 200 drive-thru stores [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ].Pedro M. Reyes, Patrick Jaska, (2007),†Is RFID right for your organization or application? â€Å", Management Research News, Vol. 30 Iss: 8 pp. 570-580 Starbucks, 2011. Store design [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ]. Starbucks, 2011. Working at Starbucks [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ]. Superbrands. co. uk, 2012. Starbucks [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 17 April 2012 ].

How To Calculate Percent

Calculating percent is a fundamental math skill, whether youre taking a class or just living life! Percentages are used to make car and house payments, calculate tips and pay taxes on goods. Percent calculations are fundamental to many classes, especially science courses. Heres a step-by-step tutorial on how to calculate percent. What Is Percent? Percentage or percent means per one hundred and expresses the fraction of a number out of 100% or the total amount. A percent sign (%) or the abbreviation pct is used to denote percentage. How To Calculate Percent Determine the total or whole amount. Divide the number to be expressed as a percent by the total.In most cases, youll divide the smaller number by the larger number.Multiple the resulting value by 100. Example Percent Calculation Say you have 30 marbles. If 12 of them are blue, what percent of the marbles are blue? What percent are not blue? Use the total number of marbles. This is 30.Divide the number of blue marbles into the total: 12/30 0.4Multiple this value by 100 to get the percent: 0.4 x 100 40% are blueYou have two ways to determine what percent are not blue. The easiest is to take the total percent minus the percent that are blue: 100% - 40% 60% not blue. You could calculate it, just like you did the initial blue marble problem. You know the total number of marbles. The number that is not blue is the total minus the blue marbles: 30 - 12 18 non-blue marbles.The percent that is not blue is 18/30 x 100 60%As a check, you can make sure the total of blue and non-blue marbles adds up to 100%: 40% 60% 100% Learn More How To Calculate Mass PercentHow To Calculate Percent Composition by MassPercent Error CalculationVolume Percent Concentration

Energy Drinks Speech - 923 Words

I. INTRODUCTION A. People all over the world have been getting a jolt of energy from a cup of coffee or tea in the morning for hundreds of years, so getting that jolt in a little can seems to make sense, right? B. The desire for a powerful energy drink can lead to a lot of misinformation. C. There is a lot of misinformation about energy drinks in regards to they speed up your metabolism, help you with your workout, mixing these drinks with alcohol, and the effects on your body. II. BODY OF THE SPEECH D. Energy drinks speed up your metabolism. 1. A 16 oz. can energy drink may contain 13 teaspoons of sugar and the same amount of caffeine found in 4 or more colas. 2. The sudden energy rush†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Energy Drinks Cause Harmful Side Effects.† 24 September. 2007. lt;http://www.thesandspur.org/sports/energy-drinks-cause-harmful-side-effects.comgt; â€Å"Some Facts About Energy Drinks.† Nutritional and Health Info-Sheet.† 2007. lt;http://nutrition.ucdavis.edu/content/infosheets/EnergyDrinks.pdfgt; Trenier, Theresa. â€Å"Energy Drink Dangers.† Newsletters for Mental Health. Milwaukee School of Engineering. January. 2007. lt;http://www.msoe.edu/life_at_msoe/current_student_resources/student_resources.comgt; I. INTRODUCTION A. People all over the world have been getting a jolt of energy from a cup of coffee or tea in the morning for hundreds of years, so getting that jolt in a little can seems to make sense, right? B. The desire for a powerful energy drink can lead to a lot of misinformation. C. There is a lot of misinformation about energy drinks in regards to they speed up your metabolism, help you with your workout, mixing these drinks with alcohol, and the effects on your body. II. BODY OF THE SPEECH D. Energy drinks and your metabolism 1. 16 oz. can, 13 teaspoons sugar, 4X amount caffeine than cola 2. â€Å"crash amp; burn† effect 3. Stomach left w/ carbs amp; caffeine E. Energy drinks help you with your workout 4. 15-20 min. burn 110 calories 5. Caffeine and herbal supplements-life threatening 6. Diuretic - dehydrated F.Show MoreRelatedSpeech : Energy Drinks, Health Benefits, And Risks1051 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline Name: Jackson Lee Speech Title: Energy drinks, health benefits, and risks. Introduction Attention Getting Device: How many of you all drink energy by a raise of hands So a lot people, today in going to tell you the health factors that in valve drinking energy drinks. 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Historically sports drinks were specifically createdRead MoreDon’t Excessively Drink Energy Drinks, An Outline635 Words   |  2 PagesTopic: Don’t excessively drink energy drinks Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience energy drinks drunken excessively are bad for your health Thesis Statement: Energy drinks contain multiple ingredients that are bad for your health. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: Many people drink energy drinks in order to get them through the day, thinking that by getting a boost of energy it will help then, but it hurts you more than you think. How: This year research documentedRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Persuasive Speech for Students’ Chronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. 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I used to be the same way. I used to never drink water, and would always choose another beverage if I had the option. However, after I began to hear about the importance of waterRead MoreBan on Big Drinks651 Words   |  3 PagesSoda, a sugary drink that has revolutionized the whole world since its invention back in the mid 19th century and a drink that everyone consumes. And recently, the mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg has been intending to place a ban on big, oversized soda drinks. New York should certainly not impose this ban on big drinks over the size of 16 fluid ounces. It’s cockamamie! This ban is not the way to go for the county’s finances, the people and the economy. Within New York, many people believeRead MoreInformative Speech-Caffeine Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesWhitley Edwards Professor Fox Speech 1010-006 18 Feb. 2013 Informative Speech-Caffeine Outline Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about what caffeine is, the effects of it, and the withdrawal symptoms. Central Idea: Caffeine can be found in many places and comes in many forms. It can major effects on our body and we can experience major withdrawal symptoms. Introduction I. What does coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, and a bottle of medications have in commonRead MoreQuestion One. Alcohol Use Disorders (Aud) Is A Health Condition1671 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumption. This disorder is related to alcoholism, or alcohol abuse. The symptoms of AUD include cravings, a strong need to have a drink during the week or weekends, loss of control involving not being able to stop drinking, feeling out of control, shaking, anxiety, withdrawals, and nausea. Alcohol tolerance is the most significant symptom of AUD because an alcoholic will drink an enormous amount of alcohol to feel the effects. Tolerance has a lot to do with the persons drinking history and genetic inheritance

I Am An Undergraduate Student - 1666 Words

I am an undergraduate student in Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; my major is Electrical Engineering, this is my senior year in my undergraduate degree. Even I am going to graduate after this year, looking ahead at what is coming in the future makes reality sink in. It feels like I just started college a couple of months ago and looking for career far years away. In general, people all want to have a job that can makes lots of money, live in a spacious home and drive a striking sport car after graduation. Even though these ideals are too secular, to achieve these ideals I must have a successful career life. Therefore, making a career plan to prepare myself for the career field before I graduate is really important; since it will not only help me determine my career goals, but also manage the job skills and knowledge which will be helpful in my career life. First of all, I have a deep passion for the information signals technology sector, that is the most important factor I choose this major. Information systems are a critical component of modern organizations (Gurbaxani, 1991), that is why I am going to find a career in this field to be attractive. Information technology firms require electrical engineers to occupy various job positions. Such organizations are based all over the world. The current emergence of scientific innovations in developing countries is intriguing, and my ideal firm should be based in United State. My first job position in such a firmShow MoreRelatedI Am An Undergraduate College Student924 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was an undergraduate college student, studying required much more effort. Despite a strong desire to learn, and a passion for biology, my educational experiences was not ideal. During my sophomore year in college I started teaching my peers to test myself if I knew core concepts. 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Assignment Internal Cash Control free essay sample

The weaknesses in the internal control over cash disbursements are, there should be only one person in charge of writing the checks for each task, and there should be numbered checks for both people so that the funds spend can be tracked easier, the cabinets were the checks are stored should be two locked cabinets, one for each person who writes the checks. Memo: I would recommend that to have a better control over money paid and items purchased, that you start having numbered checks in two separate accounts, one account for the treasurer and one account for the purchasing agent. This method will make it easier for moth parties to avoid mistakes, and it will also be easier to verify money spent and received. P4-1A The internal control principles implemented by the Guard Dog Company are, numbered checks so that the company has a number trail to monitor cash dispersment. Each check must have approval from Jane Bell, and Dennis Kurt before a check can be issued, this is an establishment of responsibility to ensure that not just anyone ion the company can write checks. Checks must be signed by either Tom Kimball, the treasurer, or Karen Thews, the assistant treasurer. Before signing a check, the signer is expected to compare the amounts of the check with the amounts on the invoice, this is also a form of establishment of responsibility and both of these procedures are a use of documentation procedures. After signing a check, the signer stamps the invoice â€Å"paid† and inserts within the stamp, the date, check number, and amount of the check. The â€Å"paid† invoice is then sent to the accounting department for recording. By doing this it is a way of verifying company cash dispersment and documentation control. Blank checks are stored in a safe in the treasurer’s office. The combination to the safe is known by only the treasurer and assistant treasurer. By locking the checks in a safe it establishes responsibility for the checks, and uses a Physical, mechanical, and electronic controls to narrow down any check problems to one source. Each month the bank statement is reconciled with the bank balance per books by the assistant chief accountant. By doing this it establishes document control, this way any discrepancies in the amount paid can be verified. Indicate the weaknesses in internal accounting control in the handling of collections. The weaknesses in the handling of collections are the way the money is deposited, the way the checks are made out and the way the money is verified and deposited. P4-2A List the improvements in internal control procedures that you plan to make at the next meeting of the audit team for (1) the ushers, (2) the head usher, (3) the financial secretary, and (4) the finance committee. The improvements the ushers need to make is that after each offering they should individually count their own collected baskets and log there amount in an offering log book, so that there is less room for error in the next step. By handing all the baskets to the head usher without counting the money themselves, the head usher can offer any amount on his final deposit. The improvements the head usher needs to make is to make sure that each usher counts their baskets, and that the head usher counts all the baskets and checks for discrepancies to make sure that no one is pocketing any money. The head usher should also check the amount given to him/her against what is written in the offering log. Have a book to log the amount of money that is put into the safe so that it is logged in a way that can be verified by the committee, a note is not a safe method because it can be thrown out, by logging in a book it is easier to find were the discrepancies came from. The improvements the financial secretary should make is that he/she should have a list of what needs to be paid and make a log of the amounts that need paid and to make sure the receipts are logged along with whatever bills or services that needed to be paid that week. The financial secretary should also verify the amount of money in the safe against the log that is kept by the ushers. The financial committee should show a more detailed list of what expenditures are needed each month so that the financial secretary knows what is needed for payment that month. They should also be involved in verifying the churches income. To improve internal control the church should have a log for money received during offerings, they should tell the congregation to make the checks payable to the church or to the account holder that the checks are deposited into, because anyone can cash a check made out to â€Å"cash†. The church should also verify that any money not deposited from the offering was spent properly and not used for personal things. Include how a company could use the five basic principles of cash management to increase accuracy for a business. A company can increase the collection of receivables by offering incentives for quick payment from their customers. A company can delay the payment of liabilities and bills to close to the due date of the liability or bill, so that if any expenditure is needed before the due date they will not have spent the money too early. A company can keep inventory low on the merchandise that does not sell quickly, so that the company has money for the merchandise that is popular and selling fast. A company that wish to expand should wait until they have excess money in a slow season so that they can expand their business and have new locations open in time for their busy season. A company should invest money that is sitting idle into low risk companies’, the most common form of liquid investments is interest-paying U. S. government securities.

Leadership and Management Essay Example

Leadership and Management Essay The terms leadership and management are often used interchangeably. While some writers argue that there is a clear distinction between leadership and management, others argue that leadership is simply a function of management. Which view do you feel is the most relevant in the context of your industry and why? According to Ricketts (2009) in today’s world effective leadership and management is essential in order to archive success. Terms of leadership and management are being seen as synonyms and often used interchangeably. Some writers such as Zeleznik, Kotter think that there is no close relationship between leadership and management, while others persuade us that leadership is simply one of the characteristic of the manager. This essay will compare and evaluate different approaches to the subject. Armstrong (2008) describes leadership as a process that focuses mostly developing, communicating and motivating. Further Armstrong indentifies three fundamental roles for leaders; defining the task, achieve the task and maintain effective relationship between themselves and group members. Moreover, Kanter (2004, as cited by Mullins 2007) states that leadership is not about leaders, but how they establish confidence of subordinates. Leaders must have followers, without them they would never reach their goals. Particularly in airline and airport management it vital, because they goals never change, customer experience is the most important for company. That is why line workers must be always confident and motivated by their leaders. According to Useem (2001, as cited by Mullins 2007) leadership is the most profitable, when the vision is strategic, the voice persuasive and the results appreciable. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Leadership says Mullins (2007: 363) â€Å"is a relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or action of other people†. Leader in this indutry definitely must have strong interpersonal skills, having people coming for different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, effective communication between subordinates and customers, it the most important. Positive interpersonal skills may increase the productivity and satisfaction of followers as well overall customer experience. According to Drucker (2006, as cited by Mullins 2007) management is about making people capable of working toward a common goal. He states that management is the fundamental part of organisation. As it is with leadership management had many interpretations. Zeleznik believes (1989, as cited by McCrimmon 2006) managers are task orientated, cold, lacking of empathy. Furthermore, Armstrong (2008) says that management is to achieve goals using all available resources such as people, money, information, knowledge etc. On the other hand Mullins (2007) tries to answer the question whether managers are born or made. According to him neither is an answer, it is rather combination of both, he explains that even though there are certain innate characteristics of good manager they must be encourage, developed and trained. One of the key characteristic of the manager is that they are to ensure that the job gets done. They are also responsible for planning, introducing new policies, resolving problem. Airline and airport industry is very changeable, where profits are marginal and losses are common. Management must act quickly implicating new policies, change the companies aims, within this industry it can be matter be or not to be for companies. So how does one distinguish between leadership and management? Although these terms are frequently used interchangeably and they share some similarities such as working with people, influence and goal orientated work, there is also clear distinction between them. Zeleznik believes (1989, as cited by McCrimmon 2006) that managers and leaders differ in terms of their personality, he describes managers as cold machines who â€Å"adopt passive attitude toward goals†, according to him they maintain low emotional involvement and tend to be detached and manipulative. He sees leaders as creative and demanding changes. For Zeleznik they are more interested in ideas than how they work. He says that leaders are more empathetic than managers. McCrimmon (2006) summarise Zeleznik with assumption that both leaders and managers have some goal, aim and that is only the approach, personality that differentiate them. Leaders are very good at motivating people, taking them to next level. They take great care of their subordinates ensuring high level of confidence. Zeleznik’s ideas are now out-dated, in today world manager has to possess good leadership skills. No longer is it possible to describe manager as cold, task orientated, now they are more involved in their staff, taking care of them. On the other hand managers are good at planning, maintain stability, solving problems. Watson (1983, as cited in Mullins 2007) suggest that manager rely mostly on strategy, structure and system, leaders have an inherent tendency to soft Ss style, staff, super ordinate goals. According Mullins (2007) leadership does not have to be official in structure of organisation, further he says that many people work as leaders although their position in company does not require that. Kotter (1991, as cited in Armstrong 2008) likewise Zeleznik thinks that there is clear distinction among leaders and managers, although he says that they have different purposes. Management is about coping with complexity while leadership is about coping with change. Nevertheless, there is close relationship between two. Mullins (2008) it is not easy to isolate these activities. These days they appear to be seen more as synonymous. According to Fullan (2001, as quoted in Mullins 2008) both terms tend to overlap themselves and good manager or leader needs qualities of both. It is easy to agree that nowadays leadership is becoming more and more essential as function of management. It clearly seen within airline and airport industry. Leadership is being considered as one of the compulsory skills for managers. This brings up big challenge for managers to make sure that all employees are sufficiently motivated, receive enough support and are aware of company’s goals. Only when this is ensured by managers, companies in this industry can maintain stability even if they face major economic crisis. Almost every business today airline and airport industry needs effective and efficient management. It means that good manager must be good leader at the same time. These days, major airlines employ as many as 100,000 people. The structure of management, decision-making process within the industry is complex. It is difficult for individual employees to see their contribution to the company. Moreover, the industry is highly competitive and ineffective management or bad organisation may lead to destructive effects. To sum up, there are many ways of looking at leadership and management and even more interpretations of meaning. It is important to remember that there are definite strengths and weaknesses of both types. However, the most important is the relationship between them; they overlay themselves and often are seen as linked together. Furthermore, it essential to remember that not every leader is manager, as well as not every industry needs leader and manager in one. Sometimes it may be more beneficiary for the company when these activities are clearly distinguished. Bibliography Mullins, L. J. (2008) Management and organisational behaviour. 8th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd Armstrong M. (2008) How to Manage People. 1st ed. London: Kogan Page Ltd McCrimmon M. (2006) Zaleznik and Kotter on Leadership. online] Available from: http://www. leadersdirect. com [accessed on 15th November 2010) Bencivenga J. (2002) BNET website [online] Available from: lt;http:// http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0JSD/is_59_2/ai_82492233/gt; [accessed on 15th November ] Ricketts G. K. (2009) Leadership vs. Management, University of Kentucky, issue 2. Wensveen J. G. (2007) Air Transportation, A Management Perspective: Dawsonera. com , 6th ed. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Available from: lt; http://www. dawsonera. com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780754684749/S10. 92/0gt; [Accessed on 15th November 2010) William W. McCartney, Constance R. Campbell. (2006) Leadership, management, and derailment; A model of individual success and failure [onl ine] , Leadership amp; Organization Development Journal. Bradford: 2006. Vol. 27, Iss. 3, available from: lt; http://proquest. umi. com/gt; [accessed on 24 November 2010) Eli Nana, Brad Jackson, Giles St J Burch (2010) Attributing leadership personality and effectiveness from the leaders face: an exploratory study [online], Leadership amp; Organization Development Journal, Bradford: 2010. Vol. 31, Iss. 8, available from: lt; http://proquest. umi. com/gt; [accessed on 24 November 2010) i Leadership and Management Essay Example Leadership and Management Essay This assignment provides you with the understanding and skills required of a manager/leader in an organisational context, through applying current theories.Learning outcomes On successful completion of this assignment you will: 1 Understand the link between management and leadership 2 Understand the skills and styles of management and leadership 3 Be able to apply theory in an organisational context 4 Be able to plan for the development of leadership and management skills Assignment Focusing on a work role, previous work experience or a voluntary work position, using examples from your own workplace experiences where possible, and drawing on your studies of this subject, please answer ALL four sections below and please complete the reflective statement.Deadline for Submission: Please see your time table Please answer ALL four sections: Section 1 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Demonstrate your understanding of the link between management and leadership You will need to: ? ? explain the relationship between management and leadership analyse how management and leadership style impacts on the achievement of organisational objectives Section 2 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Explain the skills and styles of management and leadership You will need to: ? ? ? xplain the personal and professional skills required for effective management compare the skills and styles of successful leaders assess the expected impact of own leadership styles on work groups Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Section 3 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Demonstrate how you would apply theory in an organisational context You will need to: ? ? select appropriate theories of management and leadership to identify management and leadership requirements in given situations report on the usefulness of using theories or ga ining insights into leadership requirements in given situations Section 4 Word Length: Approx. 375 words Demonstrate how you would plan the development of leadership and management skills You will need to: ? ? ? use appropriate methods to assess the skills needed by a leader in a given situation plan the development of management and leadership skills for a given job role make justified evaluations of the management and leadership development methods selectedReflective Learning Statement Explain how the main themes of this unit have impacted (or could in the future) on your work role – you should include an analysis of your strengths and weaknesses relating to this unit both at the start and end of the unit. Word Length: 100 words Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Guidance on Grade AwardedThe final Unit grade assessment is based on how well you have met the Assignment Criteria / Task Requirements: we look pri marily for evidence that you have followed the Assignment instructions and have responded to the Assignment in a way that meets the specific outcomes / requirements / criteria as described in the Assignment Brief We also look at the depth and breadth of your work: where we look for evidence of supplementary reading and research, appropriate examples, some original thought, a professional standard of layout, structure, and overall presentation in order to come to a decision about the actual grade.Below is an overview of the guidelines that our Assessors work to: Pass All identified criteria in the assignment are met Merit Satisfied the identified Assignment criteria, plus the content confirms that the student has: Shown evidence of a sound understanding of the subject matter; Given a broad and detailed response to the assignment tasks and criteria; Shown evidence of careful analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of information and data; Used complex arguments/lines of hinking; Shown the ability to make judgements based on the research and the response discussion points; Described how appropriate techniques and-or tools should be selected and used; Applied an appropriate structure and layout to their response; Selected and used relevant graphics to illustrate key points; Presented all documents to a professional standard that would be accepted at middle management level. Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Brighton School of Business and Management LimitedDistinction Satisfied the identified Assignment criteria, plus the content confirms that the student has: Demonstrated a comprehensive knowledge base and understanding of the subject matter; Shown originality of thought and application of ideas, models and theories to their assignment response; Shown evidence of the student using critical reflection to evaluate their own work and justify valid conclusions; Shown an awareness of the wider implications of the issues being analysed and discussed; Appli ed a customised structure and layout that supports and enhances their response; Selected and used a wide range of relevant graphics to illustrate key points; Presented all documents to a standard that would be accepted at executive-board level. 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